Red Ocean & Blue Ocean Strategy Examples & Difference in 2023

Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy Examples & Difference in 2023. Difference Between Blue ocean and Red ocean strategy. Examples of Red Ocean and Blue Ocean Strategy. Also, Blue Ocean Strategy Four Action Framework.

Red Ocean Strategy

Red ocean strategy refers to the traditional marketing strategy to compete with the competitors. It is demonstrated when many companies compete to achieve a competitive advantage in the existing market. These companies contest in the same marketplace to beat their opponents. Red ocean strategy influences the company to provide better service to buyers. It mainly focuses on the existing customers and buyers rather than creating new customers. So, they provide better services and products to attract customers.

Characteristics of Red Ocean Strategy

Firstly, the red ocean strategy focuses on competing in the existing market. So, multiple companies compete with each other to achieve competitive advantages. The marketing team pursues both product cost and differentiation to beat other companies. Additionally, the company intended to provide better service to buyers—finally, they pay more attention to the current customers instead of looking for new clients.

For example, Malaysia and Air Asia Airlines follow the red ocean strategy to beat their competitors.

Red Ocean Strategy Examples

Air Asia is a renowned airline company in Malaysia. It always tries to compete with other airline companies in Malaysia, for example, Firefly, Batik Air, and Malaysia Airlines, to achieve competitive advantages. Air Asia offers low prices on domestic and international flights to beat the competitors. On the other hand, Malaysia Airlines also reduce the price to beat Air Asia. So, they fight each other in the same marketplace. It is a real-life example 0f the Blue Ocean Strategy.

Suppose we infer these giant companies with sharks and the marketplace with the ocean. So, imagine what will happen if all these sharks fight with each other. The ocean gets bloody due to the fierce fight of sharks.

Advantages of Red Ocean Strategy

Firstly, the market has already existed, so no need to create a new marketplace.

Secondly, the services and products have good demand by the customers. Many customers want the products so the new companies can utilize the existing consumers.

Additionally, the company can quickly recruit skilled employees with deep experience in the sector.

Finally, the new companies can get ideas on how to improve the business from their competitors.

Disadvantages of the Red Ocean Strategy

Firstly, competitors are experienced in this market, so it is difficult to beat them.

Secondly, the company needs to focus on cost and differentiation, which is difficult for a new business.

Blue Ocean Strategy

Blue ocean strategy refers to the uncontested marketing policy focusing more on innovation to reinvent the business than the head-to-head competition.  W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne introduced the Blue ocean strategy in 2005. It is a simultaneous process of opening a new business market and creating new demand; therefore, competition is irrelevant.

Blue Ocean Strategy Examples

There are several examples of the blue ocean strategy worldwide. Many industries had accepted it to get benefits, such as Netflix, Canon, iTunes, Cemex, Philips, NetJets, Curves, JCDecaux, Quicken, Polo Ralph Lauren, etc. iTunes solved the problem recording industries when it started the business. Before launching iTunes, consumers download a song illegally from the internet platform. ITunes’s blues ocean strategy created a new way of legally selling music, where consumers and artists mutually benefited. They managed to make a new category of music selling through digital music platforms for listeners. Still, it is dominating the marketplace of music platforms for years.

Netflix's organizational change is the most appropriate example of the Blue Ocean strategy. Netflix changed its business plan to create an uncontested new market. It is one of the most successful companies that accept the blue ocean strategy to achieve competitive advantages.

For example, Netflix, Canon, and iTunes follow the blue ocean strategy to achieve the competitive goal.

Blue and Red Ocean Strategy Examples

For example, you put some sharks in a pond. Now, they are fighting each other. The sharks are trying to kill others. A few hours later, you can see the water has been red for the shark's blood. We can infer this pond to the red ocean where many companies are competing with each other.

On the other hand, you put a shark in a separate pond. There is no other shark that can fight, so the water is blue and fresh. We can infer it to the blue ocean strategy where only one company controls the marketplace.

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Red Ocean vs. Blue Ocean Strategy

Red Ocean Strategy
Blue Ocean Strategy
The contest is in the same market. Create an uncontested new market.
Many Companies compete with each other in the existing market. One Company dominates the new Market.
Beats competitors. Competitors are irrelevant.
The company pursues both cost and differentiation. The company chooses between cost and differentiation.
Make the value-cost trade-off. Break the value-cost trade-off.
Capture new demand. Exploit existing demand.
Focus on rivals within its industry. Focus across the alternative industry.
Intend to provide better service to buyers. Redefine the buyer group.
Focus on current customers. Focus on new customers.
The market is already established. Need to make the new market.
For example, Ryanair and Air Asia Airlines. For example, Netflix, Canon, and iTunes.
Difference Between Red Ocean and Blue Ocean Strategy

Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy- Difference Between Red and Blue Ocean Strategy.

 1. Focus on Current Customers vs. Focus on New Customers

Most industries focus on attracting existing customers to sell more products and services in the red ocean strategy. Thus, they focus on the current customer to make benefit by selling products and services.

In contrast, in the blue ocean strategy, the industry tries to change the business pattern to yield something new for the customers. The company also broadens the business area to develop new products or services; therefore, customers are irrelevant here. Thus, this strategy allows the company to focus on business patterns rather than customers.

2. Compete in Existing Markets vs. Create New Markets

From the red ocean strategy perspective, the industry is doing business with customers where some industries gain more clients, and some other sectors lose clients. They are doing business with the same customers and competing with each other to get more customers. The company will earn more money if it can bring more customers under its umbrella.

The blue ocean strategy never suggests the company compete because it makes a new uncontested marketplace. The product and service are unique; therefore, no company will come to compete with you. So, this strategy creates an uncontested market to serve its customers.

3. Beat the Competitor vs. Make the Competitor Irrelevant

The competition must exist in the company's marketplace that follows the red ocean strategy. They compete to sell more products and services to increase profit margins. So, they always intend to beat the competitors through marketing policy, product quality, and services.

The blue ocean strategy makes the competition irrelevant because they need not compete with other industries to sell products and services. It makes a new marketplace for the industry.

Key Points of Blue Ocean Strategy

The eight critical points of the Blue ocean strategy are as follows;

  1. It’s grounded in data.
  2. It pursues differentiation and low cost.
  3. Blue ocean creates an uncontested market space.
  4. It empowers you through tools and frameworks.
  5. Blue Ocean's strategy provides a step-by-step process.
  6. It maximizes opportunity while minimizing risks.
  7. Blue ocean also builds execution into strategy.
  8. It shows you how to create a win-win outcome.
Blue Ocean Strategy Four Action Framework

Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne developed the four-action framework to destroy the trade-off between low cost and differentiation and rebuild an industry’s strategic logic. The four Actions Template determines whether the investment money is used correctly to maximize consumer gain and minimize consumer pain. It also assesses the gains with this template and the pains that matter for your product. It is the best way to get the most benefit with the lowest price within the total product market.

Four Action Framework Examples
Blue Ocean Strategy Four Action Framework
Figure 3: Blue Ocean Strategy Four Action Framework

How to Use Four Action Templates

Eliminate

Firstly, you have to identify the factors of the industry that need to be eliminated because of defectiveness. Find out the elements where you give significant investment and effort but get very little output. These factors can also be made more contributions in the past but are now useless, so you need to eliminate them because of becoming obsolete.

Reduce

Secondly, you need to identify factors that are unnecessary for the industry and cannot correctly benefit the industry. These factors are well below the industry's standard. For example, the higher cost of manufacturing can reduce the product.

Raise

These significant factors need to be increased to fulfill the industries well above standards. For example, the company needs to rebuild the features to exceed the customer's challenges.

Create

These are the new features that the company never provided. To create these new features, you must investigate the customer's desire to fulfill them. The industry can also create new products or offer innovative consumer services. It will help the company to create a new marketplace distinguished from the competition.

Conclusion

In short, the Red ocean strategy refers to competing for the existing marketplace, whereas the blue ocean strategy denotes making a new uncontested marketplace. Based on the discussion, it is safe to say that the blue ocean is a better way to bring fewer risks, more success, and increased profits. In addition, the four action templates appear as the best solution to identify the industry's investment is properly or not. Hence, the blue ocean strategy and the four action framework have become innovative business innovations.

Active and Passive Audience Definition, Theory, Example & Difference

Active and Passive Audience Definition, Theory, and Differences. Examples of Active and Passive Audiences.

Active Audiences

Active audiences actively receive media information and make sense of the messages based on their social and personal contexts. They listen to the media messages instead of hearing them. However active audiences receive media information actively, and the act of receiving media information is natural. So, active audiences pay full attention to receiving information and interpret it to give feedback. The most common listening styles are people, content, action, and Time-oriented listening.

Examples of Active Audiences

For example, people are the active audience who comment on social media content to express opinions.

Another example, based on the story shared in the example of the active and passive audience below, Ela is an active audience who scrutinizes the messages before accepting them and always tries to provide feedback.

Characteristics of Active Audiences

Active audiences actively listen carefully to provide feedback, making them complicated and critical thinkers. Additionally, they have good schemata. Feedback is an essential component of interactive communication.

Passive Audiences

Passive audiences are those who watch and observe the media information without making sense. Hence, they are recognized as inactive receivers. Passive audiences have low motivation to process information, low ability to process information and focus on simple cues (e.g., appearances instead of content)

Examples of Passive Audiences

For example, passive audiences dislike commenting on social media content. Audiences like to watch Television and read newspapers without providing opinions. They prefer a linear communication process where feedback is not essential.

Another example, based on the story shared in the example of the active and passive audience below, Bela is a passive audience that accepts the message without challenging them.

Characteristics of Passive Audiences

The Passive audience is inactively involved in hearing something rather than listening. Passive audiences merely observe the message; therefore, they are cognitive misers who are lazy to think.

Examples of Active and Passive Audiences

For example, Ela and Bela are siblings watching the news on television. The news reporter is providing tips on how to stay healthy. Ela actively listens to the news reporter's tips to follow them. Then, she asks her sister Bela to confirm whether these tips work or not. In contrast, Bela accepts those tips readily. Here, Ela is an active audience who is a critical thinker. Therefore, she carefully focuses on the news presenter's dress, speaking style, and messages' meaning.

On the other hand, Bela watches the news without focusing on the content of the message. Here, Bela is a passive audience who is a cognitive miser. Therefore, she does not focus on interpreting the message; she only focuses on the news reporter's appearance. As a result, she believes the news reporter's tips quickly and becomes manipulated.

Active and Passive Audience
Difference Between Active and Passive Audience
Difference Between Active and Passive Audiences
Active Audiences
Passive Audiences
Firstly, active audiences interpret and respond to the media texts In contrast, Passive audiences merely observe the media text.
They decode and evaluate the message. On the other hand, they accept the message without evaluating it.
Active audiences form opinions and provide feedback in communication. The passive audiences accept their opinions only.
Active audiences pay full attention to listening to the message. In contrast, passive audiences pay little attention to hearing the message.
For example, Ela scrutinizes messages received from the news reporter rather than accepting them directly. For example, Bela accepts messages received from the news reporter without scrutinizing them.
The message cannot affect the active audience directly. The message affects the passive audience directly.
It is difficult to manipulate an active audience. On the other hand, it is easy to manipulate the passive audience.
Active audiences are critical thinkers. On the other hand, passive audiences are cognitive misers.
They have good schemata. In contrast, passive audiences are too lazy to think.
The active audience is involved in listening, including discriminative and comprehensive listening. However, the passive audience is involved in hearing.

Active and Passive Theories

Active Audience Theories

Active audience theory explains that active media audiences do not just accept media information inactively but interpret the message based on their personal and social contexts.

Active Audience Theory posits that audiences are not passive recipients of media messages but rather actively engage with and interpret media content based on their own experiences, values, and beliefs. This theory challenges the notion of passive audience effects proposed by earlier media theories, such as the Hypodermic Needle Theory, and emphasizes the agency and autonomy of audience members in their interactions with media texts. According to Active Audience Theory, individuals actively select, interpret, and make meaning from media content, drawing upon their personal backgrounds, social contexts, and cultural frameworks. This theory acknowledges the diversity of audience responses to media messages and highlights the importance of audience participation and engagement in shaping the reception and interpretation of media content.

List of Active Audience Theories:
  1. Uses and Gratifications Theory
  2. Reception Theory
  3. Cultural Studies
  4. Active Audiences Theory
  5. Two-Step Flow Theory
  6. Agenda-Setting Theory
  7. Participatory Culture Theory
  8. Media Literacy Theory
  9. Social Learning Theory
  10. Social Cognitive Theory

Uses and gratifications theory shows a strategic approach to explaining how and why people or audiences actively find specific media to meet specific needs. It also represents an audience-centered strategy to perceive the process of mass communication.

The two-step flow of communication model argues that audiences accept media information more if the opinion leaders deliver the message. So, the audience gets influenced by mass media if the opinion leader supports disseminating the information.

Passive Audience Theories

Passive audience theories, also known as media effects theories, propose that audiences are passive recipients of media messages and are highly susceptible to the influence of mass media. These theories suggest that media content has a direct and powerful effect on shaping audience attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors without much active engagement or resistance from the audience.

List of Passive Audience Theories:
  1. Hypodermic Needle Theory (Magic Bullet Theory)
  2. Mass Society Theory
  3. Passive Audience Theory
  4. Limited Effects Theory
  5. Reinforcement Theory
  6. Encoding-Decoding Model
  7. Spiral of Silence Theory
  8. Dependency Theory
  9. Selective Exposure Theory
  10. Cumulative Effects Theory

The Hypodermic Needle Theory, also known as the Magic Bullet Theory or the Hypodermic-Syringe Model, is a communication theory that suggests that media messages are like a powerful drug injected directly into the bloodstream of passive audiences, influencing their thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes. According to this theory, audiences are seen as highly susceptible to media influence, and media messages are believed to have an immediate and direct effect on shaping audience perceptions

Citation For this Article (APA 7th Edition)

Kobiruzzaman, M. M. (2024). Active and Passive Audience Definition, Theory, Differences & Examples. Newsmoor- Educational Website for Online Learning. https://newsmoor.com/active-passive-audience-differences-example-active-audience-theory/