Strengths and Weaknesses

SMCR Model of Communication- David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

SMCR Model of Communication- Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication Example Situation. Berlo’s Model of Communication.

SMCR Model of Communication

SMCR communication model refers to the Source-Message-Channel-Receiver formed communication theory developed by David Berlo in 1960. In 1960, David Berlo designed the SMCR communication model with four elements: Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver. SMCR refers to the Source-Message-Channel-Receiver, which are essential elements of any communication process. Therefore, the SMCR communication model is known as Berlo’s Source-Message-Channel-Receiver model. Berlo invented this model based on the Shannon-Weaver communication model (1949). He described some factors that make the communication process more effective. SMRC represents the Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver that are also part of 9 essential communication elements of the primary communication process.

There are three types of communication models: linear, interactive, and transactional communication models. The SMCR communication model refers to the one-way communication system. So, the SMCR model is a linear model of communication where feedback is absent.

Models of Communication

Berlo’s Model of Communication Example

Watching television news is a real-life example of David Barlo’s SMCR communication model. It is also known as Berlo’s model of communication example situation. The four essential elements of Barlo’s model are the source, message, channel, and Receiver. Firstly, the news presenter is the source of the news who disseminates the information. The report is the message, and television is the channel. Finally, the audiences are the receivers of the message who watch the television. In this context, the audience cannot provide feedback. It is also a one-way communication process where the feedback is not presented. Similarly, reading newspapers is another example of Barlo’s model of communication. Print and broadcast journalism mostly relates to one-way communication.

However, digital journalism, including social media-based citizen journalism and blogging, generates two-way communication, also known as the transactional communication model. The audience can comment to express their opinion.

For example, you watch television, read books, newspapers, and magazines, and hear an announcement.

smcr model of communication, berlo's SMCR model of communication. berlo's model of communication example situation. David Berlo's Model of Communication Example. berlo's model. example of berlo's model of communication. david berlo model. david berlo's communication model. — Figure 1: David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

Elements of Berlo’s Model of Communication

The Four Elements of Berlo’s Model of Communication are:

Source
Message
Channel
Receiver

1. Source

The source means the message’s sender who initiates the communication process by sending information to the Receiver. David Berlo describes five factors related to the source: Communication Skills, Attitude, Knowledge, Social Systems, and Culture.

Communication skills

Communication skills refer to the ability to speak, read, write, and listen effectively. It also indicates the ability to use verbal and nonverbal communication cues during the interaction. Communication will be more effective if the senders and receivers both have excellent communication skills. The most common nonverbal communication examples are eye contact, facial expression, body language, gesture, posture, and so more. The communication skill of the source or sender increases the effectiveness of the communication process.

Attitude

Attitude is the psychological factor of the sender and Receiver that affects the meaning of the message. It is also an established perception of a person in which they think or feel about something. Thus, the meaning of the message depends on the source’s attitude and the Receiver.

Knowledge

Knowledge indicates the level of actual information, familiarity, and experience on the discussion topic. Actually, the discussion topic is the message of the communication process. Therefore, the communicator feels comfortable discussing if the topic is familiar to them. However, knowledge does not imply the educational qualification or degrees of the sender or receiver.

For example, a football player will be more interested in talking about football than cricket. On the other hand, a cricket player will surely feel comfortable discussing a cricket game. Here, knowledge indicates familiarity with the subject of the discussion topic or message.

Social Systems

Social systems refer to the values, beliefs, behaviors, rules and regulations, locations, and religions. These factors influence the method of the communication process as well as the meaning of the message.

For example, the speaker delivers an anti-America message in the American parliament election campaign. It is considerably sure that the audience will not receive and listen to his message attentively. It is an example of a location factor that is also part of the social system.

Culture

Culture refers to the social background of the Sender and Receiver. The meaning of the same message might be identical when people from different cultures interpret it. It is a significant factor from the perspective of nonverbal communication cues.

For example, exchanging “Salam” greetings among men and women is widespread in the Muslim community. Salam conveys the greeting message in the Muslim community; however, handshaking is another activity that also exchanges the same mean. On the other hand, handshaking is a standard greeting among men and women in Western culture.

2. Message

The message is the primary substance conveyed by the source or sender of the communication to the Receiver. David Berlo proposed another five factors related to the message: Content, Elements, Treatment, Structure, and Code.

Content

Content refers to the entire body of the message from beginning to end. It is essential information for the discussion. Content is the whole script of the conversation.

For example, the lecturer is teaching students about noise in communication. So, the full speech about communication noise is the content of the message.

Elements

Elements refer to nonverbal communication cues such as facial expression, eye contact, gesture, posture, and body movement. It makes the conversation more effective and productive. So, the communication might get boring without elements.

For example, the lecturer raises five fingers when mentioning the five basic noises in the communication process.

Treatment

Treatment refers to the communication way in which the message is conveyed to the audience. The communication way affects the communication system. It represents the message packaging. The examples of treatment in communication are delivering messages formally and casually.

For example, the teachers speak formally when delivering speeches in the classroom. However, the lecturer talks very casually when meeting students outside of class.

Structure

The structure of the message describes the arrangement of the information. The effectiveness of the message depends on the message structure.

For example, the lecturer talks about the definition, types, and examples of communication noise. The students perceive the message clearly for its good arrangement.

Code

Code in the message refers to the form of message transmitting. The examples of the code are text, audio, video, visual, and so more.

For example, the teacher is speaking in front of the students; hence, the code of the message is audio.

3. Channel

Channel refers to the medium that carries the message from sender to Receiver. There are many types of channels in communication, such as radio, newspapers, TV, phone call, and social media. Berlo highlighted the five senses as the communication channel: hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, and tasting. These five channels are a crucial part of the human communication process.

For example, the face to face class is more effective than an online class. The students can see the lecturer physically and hear the lecture. Nowadays, many institutes conduct virtual classes through premium. The channels denote the physical and virtual communication way to convey messages.

David Berlo mentions only five human senses as the communication channel, such as Hearing, Seeing, Touching, Smelling, and Tasting.

Hearing

People receive messages through listening. It is the most significant channel in the communication process. For example, students hear lectures in the classroom.

Seeing

People accept messages through seeing. It is one of the crucial channels in nonverbal communication. People take less than one second to judge others by seeing their appearance. The audiences form a conception of the speaker based on body movement, facial expression, eye contact, and gesture. A proverb says that people can lie, but eyes never lie. It means people believe what they see more than what they hear.

For example, a lecturer asks students about their final exam. The student reply that it was an excellent exam; however, the student looks very worried while interacting with the lecturer. So, the lecturer does not believe the statement due to seeing the worried face. Watching television is another example of seeing channels in communication.

Touching

Touch refers to an effective nonverbal communication channel that conveys messages through touching. It is also known as Haptics in Nonverbal Communication. The most common example of touching channels in communication is holding hands, hugging, tickling, and kissing. These touching styles represent different messages.

Smelling

Smelling is another channel of the intrapersonal communication process. The intrapersonal communication process means communicating with yourself. It is also known as olfactics nonverbal communication. People judge others based on the Fragrance they have used. A good smell creates a positive attitude toward the person. The perspiration odors form a negative perception of the person.

For example, people smell flowers and fragrances to identify whether the flavor is good or bad.

Tasting

Tasting refers to nonverbal communication channels through tasting something. For example, people test food to identify its deliciousness.

4. Receiver

Finally, R-Receiver is the person who receives the message or information in the communication process. David Berlo adds the same factors of the sources to the Receiver, such as Communication skills, Attitudes, Knowledge, Social Systems, and Culture, to the Receiver. Communication gets more effective when senders and receivers have similar skills, attitudes, and knowledge. Communication among people from the same culture and social system reduces communication noise during the interaction.

Advantages and Disadvantages of SMCR Model

Importance of the Berlo’s SMCR Communication Model

Berlo’s communication model explains the communication system with four primary and 15 sub-components. It shows a giant diagram to describe the process thoroughly.

The source or sender and receiver contain similar components. This model articulates that the sender and receiver convey and receive messages simultaneously. It indicates interactive communication even though it is a linear communication model.

Disadvantages of the Berlo’s SMCR Communication Model

David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication is the linear communication model; therefore, feedback is absent. Hence, the SMCR model can’t explain the transactional communication processes like speaking over a smartphone.

Additionally, it illustrates a complex communication model that is difficult to understand.

Moreover, Berlo’s SMCR communication model avoids noise, a significant communication element. It excludes another communication element- context. It is impossible to describe the communication process without noise and context.

Conclusion

It is one of the significant linear communication models that describe the communication process through multiple elements, including Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver.

Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages Essay PDF. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Essay IELTS. Benefits of Social Media Essay. Disadvantages of Social Media Essay.

Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

The essay on social media advantages and disadvantages describes social media platforms’ positive and adverse impacts. The most significant parts of an ideal essay are the introduction, body, and conclusion, and the additional elements are thesis statements, transitional verbs, and examples.

The essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social media includes the introduction, thesis statement, advantages, disadvantages, and conclusion. Nowadays, social media have become a widespread phenomenon. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of social media essays have become a crucial topics for students, educators, and academicians. Many students focus on social media essays to obtain excellent results in the IELTS exam. The school, college, and university lecturers also set this topic for the assignment and exam questions. The author demonstrates examples of social media’s advantages and disadvantages essay.

Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Introduction

Social media are the most significant blessing of technology in the modern era. Social media are mainly Internet-based tools and applications that people use for communicating, entertaining, and sharing information. The most common social media platforms are Facebook, TikTok, WhatsApp, Viber, Instagram, WeChat, Pinterest, Linked In, VK, etc. The total number of social media users is around 3.0 billion worldwide. Facebook has become one of the most famous social media, gaining 2.96 billion monthly active users. It becomes a double-edged sword due to its positive and negative impact on society. The author discusses the advantages and disadvantages of social media platforms in the community.

Advantages of Social Media

The advantages of social media are maintaining communication, sharing knowledge, and enhancing business.

Firstly, social media ease the communication system that contributes to building relationships. Nowadays, more than 90 percent of teenagers are using smartphones, and in the meantime, 45 percent of them surf the internet every day. For example, students utilize social media networking sites to conduct virtual meetings and classes. So, social networking sites benefit people in maintaining communication globally.

Additionally, Social media have become the most convenient tool for imparting and sharing knowledge. People can easily perceive how difficult educational life would be without using social networking platforms. Every student acknowledges that Google has become the best lecturer for asking questions and seeking knowledge from the Google search engine. For example, educators adopt Google meet and webinar meeting platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Zoom meeting, Google Meet, etc. So, social media are the best grace of technologies from the perspective of sharing knowledge and expertise.

Furthermore, social media have a tremendous positive impact on the company from the viewpoint of marketing policy. Social media help organizations communicate with potential customers virtually. For example, the organization utilizes its official social media pages for corporate branding, product branding, social media marketing, paid marketing, website traffic enhancement, promotion, etc. In sum, selling products and services online has been more straightforward for the blessing of social media.

People benefit from several viewpoints on social media, such as education, communication, workplace, marketing, entertainment, etc.

Disadvantages of Social Media

On the other hand, the most critical disadvantages of social media are using them for cyberbullying, hacking, and addiction.

Firstly, teenagers utilize social media platforms to bully others, also known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying refers to harassing someone by sharing personal information on social networking sites. A study shows that around 50% of teenagers were bullied in Bangladesh until 2016. In 2016, an American teenager named Megan Taylor Meier died by suicide of cyberbullying. For example, most teenagers get bullied on Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, and YouTube.

Hacking is another negative consequence of using social media in society. Many people preserve their personal information on social networking sites, including photos, ID cards, and passports. Hackers can hack this personal information and share them on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. Sometimes, they demand money from victims committing to not disclosing their private photos. After all, it traumatizes the victim mentally; hence, it is another negative consequence of social media platforms.

Moreover, social media’s most alarming negative impact on society is addiction. A statistic revealed that around 220 million people are now addicted to social media directly or indirectly. For example, many teenagers play games on social media instead of doing their daily tasks properly.

Conclusions

In short, Social media positively and negatively impacts individuals and companies. People benefit from social media to maintain communication, share knowledge, and enhance business. In contrast, some crimes happen due to social media, such as cyberbullying and hacking. Many teenagers are addicted to social media, which bars them from maintaining a healthy life. However, people can make social media a blessing tool by preventing negative societal impacts.

Advantages of Social Media Essay

Social media advantages essay discusses the benefits of social media sites in human life. It also includes the introduction, body, and conclusion. An example of a social media essay has been outlined.

Introduction

Have you ever wondered why half the 7.7 billion people worldwide use social media platforms? Social media refers to the internet-based networking system that facilitates human communication through computers, smartphones, and tablets. Around 3.8 billion people use social media, yet Facebook achieved about 2.74 billion monthly users worldwide in 2021. Today I would like to talk to you about the positive role of social media in society. Nevertheless, social media have both positive and negative impacts on society. Regardless of the critics, the advantages of social media are practicing citizen journalism, maintaining emergency communication, and conducting a virtual education system.

Advantages of Social Media

Firstly, citizen journalism plays a significant role in creating social awareness and shaping public opinion. Citizen journalism means collecting, generating, and publishing information on social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, etc. Social media allow citizen journalists to spread information quickly compared to traditional media. A study shows that around 45% of Americans consume news and information from social media platforms. For example, citizen journalists play a crucial role in the covid-19 pandemic by sharing the coronavirus death toll on Facebook daily.

Secondly, social media platforms have become the most convenient networking sites for emergency communication. The disaster management authority utilizes social media pages to conduct agency-to-community communication. Social media can spread any news quickly among many people in the community. For example, in 2020, WHO, UN, UNESCO, and UNICEF disseminated updated information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic on social media pages. Mass media utilize social media sites to promote programs and content through media convergence. Social media sites are undoubtedly effective tools for quick communication in emergency periods.

Finally, educators, students, and academicians currently utilize social networking sites to conduct virtual classes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational institutes conducted and regulated online courses through virtual meeting minutes, including Google Meet, Zoom meetings, and WhatsApp. As a result, students organize virtual meetings to complete group discussions and submit online meeting minutes. A study shows that social media enhance students’ communication skills; therefore, they perform better than average students who are inactive on social networking platforms. So, it is another crucial benefit of social media in conducting a virtual education system.

Conclusion

In sum, social media are a blessing invention of technology in the 21st century, contributing significantly to information and communication technology (ICT). The three significant advantages of social media are practicing citizen journalism on social media, maintaining emergency communication, and conducting a virtual education system. Based on these positive social media roles, it is safe to say that social media benefit people immensely.

Disadvantages of Social Media Essay

The social media disadvantages essay discusses the adverse consequences of social media sites in human life. The article on social media’s disadvantages includes the introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

Social media have brought a significant change in the communication sector. Social media, also known as the new media, have become indispensable to the modern lifestyle. According to the statistic report, more than 800 social media platforms globally. Nowadays, people can not imagine a day without using social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and TikTok. However, it has both positive and adverse impacts on society. Apart from the positive consequences, social media’s most typical adverse effects on society are spreading fake news, negative reviews on businesses, and addictions.

Firstly, People opt-in to social media sites to spread fake and fabricated information for its availability. Many citizen journalists utilize these sites to disseminate misleading political issues. For example, Twitter banned President Donald Trump’s account due to posting misleading information.

Secondly, social media can destroy the business due to negative reviews from customers on social media. It also creates high customer expectations and a reduction in employee productivity. A study shows a negative social media review can diminish hundreds of positive comments.

Finally, Netizens are incredibly keen on social media and spend most of their time here instead of traditional media. People are highly addicted to social media and experience physical and mental illnesses.

Conclusion

Social media have both positive and negative consequences on society. Nobody can deny the blessing of social media to make our civil life more accessible from communication with each other beyond the country’s boundaries. The adverse consequences of social media are spreading fake news, negative reviews on businesses, and addictions. The government and policymakers should come up with a solution to the problem.

Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media

The essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social media outlines how to write a body paragraph of an essay with APA citation. The essay’s thesis statement and body paragraph on social media’s advantages and disadvantages have been illustrated here.

Thesis Statement

Social media help us communicate with each other, but it is also beneficial for education & marketing purposes.

Body Paragraphs

First of all, social media have a tremendous positive impact on the educational sector, and it assists students in nourishing their knowledge with the teaching aids that are available online. Faizi, Afia, and Chiheb (2013) mentioned that students who are actively involved in social media could earn more knowledge easily in a better way. They also stated that social media had become a great platform that allows students to work in a group on projects and also enhance their knowledge capacity. In addition, social media allows everyone to access vast knowledge through various educational websites, knowledge-sharing portals, and online classes.

Greenhow and Lewin (2016) proposed that social media tools have several educational advantages for students and teachers. They also said that it provides opportunities for further learning for people from all walks of life who can access the internet. In essence, it is clear that social media positively impacts the educational sector.

Secondly, social media are the biggest platforms for different brands and organizations to use for marketing. Many recognized brands use social media to promote their products and service to their targeted audiences. Barefoot and Szabo (2010) explain that social media marketing can be defined as using different platforms to promote an organization and its products to the targeted audience. Furthermore, celebrities worldwide use social media to connect with their fans and followers, and they also used to do publicity work. Wright (2015) claimed that celebrities also use social media channels to keep a good reputation and online presence. Additionally, the main intention behind this is to increase the number of fans and followers. In short, social media play a significant role in the corporate and personal branding sectors.

References:

Barefoot, D., & Szabo, J. (2009). Friends with benefits: A social media marketing handbook. No Starch Press.

Faizi, R., El Afia, A., & Chiheb, R. (2013). Exploring the potential benefits of using social media in education. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), 3(4), 50-53.

Greenhow, C., & Lewin, C. (2016). Social media and education: Reconceptualizing the boundaries of formal and informal learning. Learning, media, and technology, 41(1), 6-30.

Wright, K. (2015). Social Media and Celebrities: The Benefits of a Social Media Presence.