Category: Broadcast Communication

What is the meaning of Broadcasting?

Broadcasting means dissemination any kind of program, contents, and information through radio, television, and online media such as the internet, websites,  and social media. In addition, Broadcasting refers to the transmitting programs via media. It could be traditional media or internet-based media.

Media Convergence Definition, Example Types & Elements

Media Convergence Example- Example of Media Convergence. Media Convergence in Journalism. Who and when established the Media convergence theory? Also, Examples and Elements of Media Convergence. Characteristics of New Media Audiences.

Convergence

Convergence means converging multiple items to unite things to get benefits.  It is the process of forming a unique thing by utilizing two or more things. The convergence has been happening in all sectors to meet people’s demands. This world is very famous in the medical discipline. As per the technological revolution, technological and media convergence has been impossible to reverse trends.

Types of Convergence

According to Henry Jenkins, the six types of convergence are technological, media, global, economic, cultural, and organic.

Media Convergence

Media convergence refers to merging diverse media outlets, including traditional and new media, to promote the program and media content. The traditional and new media have been merged to adjust to new technology. There are many types of convergence, such as technological convergence and cultural convergence. The new technology and culture have changed human lifestyles. The revolution of technology stimulates media convergence. Technology adoption theories and models explain why and how people accept new technology excessively. Additionally, technological and cultural convergence forces the mass media to converge with other mainstream and new media.

Media Convergence Example

Example of Media Convergence 

For example, the most popular Indian reality TV show name is “Indian Idol.” It is a singing competition Television series. Sony Entertainment Television telecasts the full episodes. Firstly, the candidates need to download the Sony liv app for registration. Sony Television has social media pages to promote the programs. The TV authority uses social media platforms to promote upcoming episodes as most people access new media sites more than traditional media. They also request their audiences to vote for their favorite contestants via smartphones. The active and passive audiences can provide their opinions via social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. Sometimes, they use FM and traditional radio to advertise the program. In sum, the program authority merges Sony Television, smartphones, radio, Facebook, and YouTube channel to promote the program successfully. It is an example of media convergence in the digital era.

Media Convergence in Journalism

Media convergence in journalism means mutually utilizing print, broadcast, and online media to promote the news. Journalists use many media to spread the news among the maximum number of people locally and internationally. Media convergence in journalism appears as a significant step toward survival in the new media age.

There are two types of media convergence in journalism: (1) media convergence in collecting news and media convergence in reporting the news. Firstly, journalists collect information from other media and cite the source name when publishing information. It enhances the news value in print journalism. Television channels disseminate news from other channels such as radio, TV, newspapers, and social media.

Secondly, media authority uses multiple media to publish the news. People prefer to read online newspapers from social media sites rather than printed papers. Therefore, journalists publish the news via a printed newspaper and website portal and share them on social media platforms to reach more audiences.

Example of Media Convergence in Journalism

For example, The Star is the most popular newspaper outlet in Malaysia. A journalist for “The Star” has collected information from Malaysiakini. The Star has published the news via printed newspapers and online portals. They have also shared the news link via their Facebook page to reach the news among social media users. The authority has converged a few media to spread the news among a maximum number of audiences.

Technology Convergence

A long time ago, people used to listen to the radio to get news, Television to watch drama, cameras to capture photos, and bookshelves to keep books. Nowadays, people use only smartphones and computers to fulfill all their needs.

Who and when established Media convergence theory?

Henry Jenkins introduced media convergence theory in 2006 via his book Convergence Culture: Where Old and new media collide.

Elements of Media Convergence

The five essential elements of media convergence are technological, social, industrial, textual, and political.

Technological Convergence

Technology convergence has brought computer, communication, and content together, which is called 3 C. Here, 3 C refers to a computer, communication, and content. Computers and smartphones have digitilized the content, and digital content has changed the process of communication. The revolution of new technology and media convergence has changed the way of generating content and distribution. It has influenced the news production and distribution process totally. For example, now, every newspaper outlet has its own social media fan page, providing breaking news. Technology has allowed these outlets to operate live video programs that provide very authentic news for audiences.  Therefore, subscribers are getting instant news through new technology convergence. It is definitely a positive impact of convergence in communication outlets.

Social Convergence

Social media convergence has both positive and negative impacts on society. It is called the double edge sword for the communication sector in society.  Social media are a computer and application-based networking system that ease human communication through the internet (Kobiruzzaman, Waheed, Yaakup & Osman, 2018). Social media have emerged as the most convenient and popular communication platform, also known as new media. People are adopting social media for entertaining, imparting knowledge, sharing information, and communicating. There are many types of social media such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp, WeChat, Instagram, Zoom, Google meet, TikTok, QQ, Douyin, Sina Weibo, QZone, Snapchat, Reddit, Pinterest, and so more. Social media convergence made the news free of charge, so everyone could watch the news easily.

Many traditional media outlets disseminate the news through social media. For example, a newspaper outlet publishes printed newspapers, and it updates the same news on social media platforms. Thus, anyone can consume news from social media platforms without buying a printed copy of the newspaper. Social media convergence eases the way of reporting news for news reporters and editors. It has enabled news reporters and editors to collect news within a short time and disseminate them. Many journalists share their content on social media so that everyone can know who is the content writer.

Industrial Convergence

Many big industries have been merged into one giant company to dominate the sector. For example, in the 1990s and 2000s, many media companies expanded their business interest and merged with other companies. In the 1990s, industrial convergence is the  Viacom-Paramount (1994) and Disney-ABC (1995). In the 2000s, example of the biggest company merger is America On-Line (AOL), Time Warner, Viacom-CBS (2000), and NBC-Universal (2004). They took over the company to expand business in the media sector.

Textual Convergence

Textual convergence refers to the merging of printed media into online news media. For example, books and newspapers have been converted into social media-based writing and reading practices, also known as digital journalism. Anyone can contribute to the media industry by commenting on social media platforms. It is called textual convergence in media. Journalists are earning knowledge and improving themselves through convergence. Now journalists can view others’ content easily because of convergence. They are getting ideas and improving themselves. It lets them learn more about generating media content’s rules and regulations. Media convergence creates a new way to interact between media practitioners and audiences. Readers comment to express their opinion. So, it allows for making interactive communication atmosphere.

Political Convergence

Convergence has managed to increase the similarity between political parties worldwide. It brings the similarity between political parties and policies inside the parties.

Characteristics of New Media

Audiences According to Don Tapscott (2008), new media audiences have the following characteristics:

  • New media audiences want liberty in everything they do—for example, freedom of choice and expression.
  • New media audiences love to customize, scrutinize, and personalize.
  • They look for corporate integrity and openness when deciding what to buy and where to work.
  • New media audiences want entertainment and play in their work, education, and social life.
  • They are collaborative and relationship generation.
  • Audiences are innovators.

Social media availability has formed the characteristic of new media audiences.
In Conclusion, If someone asks me to do I think convergence is essential or not? I will answer: Yes, I think change is always good. Change is part of the natural adoption process that drives the communication industry. The problem will occur when we avoid change. So, we cannot avoid the pace of change.

Citation For This Article (APA 7th Edition)
Kobiruzzaman, M. M. (2023). Media Convergence Definition, Example Types & Elements. Newsmoor- Educational Website For Online Learning. https://newsmoor.com/media-convergence-example-elements-of-media-convergence-in-communication/

 

How To Write a TV Program Proposal Sample

TV Program Proposal Sample, How To Write a TV Program Proposal. TV Program Proposal: How To Write a Proposal For Television Program. The Full instruction for Writing a TV Proposal For Al-Hijrah Malaysian Television.

TV Program Proposal

The TV program proposal means a written complete description of a TV show that describes the entire program procedure. The proposal must include the program name, estimated budget, description, execution procedure, target audience segmentation, uniqueness, and program justification. A  TV program proposal outlines the Television show thoroughly so that media authority identifies the output and future of the program. The TV program proposal is like a business proposal that describes the show before broadcasting on the channel.

TV Program Proposal Sample, How To Write a TV Program Proposal. TV Program Proposal: How To Write a Proposal For Television Program.

Elements of a TV Program Proposal

The 9 Elements of a TV Program Proposal are:

  1. Name of Program
  2. Description of Program
  3. Target audience
  4. The budget of the program
  5. Justification
  6. Execution of the Program
  7. The team
  8. The uniqueness of the program
  9. The strengths of the program
Instruction of Writing TV Program Proposal
Instruction to write a proposal for the Al-Hijrah TV program
1. You are to form a group of five or six members to work on this assignment. Form a media company and organize your company structure.
2. Your company has been invited to submit a 10 minutes proposal to the management of TV Al-Hijrah.
3. You propose a magazine-typed (akin to a documentary but with a 15 minutes duration) program for TV al-Hijrah.
4. For the proposal, you need to include the followings:

i. Name of program.  (make sure it is attractive and catchy enough to get ratings).

ii. Description of the program. (A brief description of the program. What is the program about? What does the program focus on?)

iii. Target audience. (Who is your target audience? Why are you targeting the audience? Give statistics to support this.

iv. Justification. (Why should TV al-Hijrah produce the program? What is the uniqueness of the program? What are the advantages of the program?

v. Execution of the program. (How do you suggest the program should be produced? Come up with a running order for the program.

vi. The team. (Who are and who in your company. Include their professional CV.

vii. The best three proposed programs will be invited to present at the Al-Hijrah station.
The Sample of TV Program Proposal 

Name of Program: Discover Student Talent (DST)-2023

Description of TV Program Proposal

Discover student talent is an attractive, inclusive TV program targeted toward students studying in the top-ranked public and private universities in Malaysia. This TV program will welcome students to explore their talents and help them to become famous by adequately utilizing their cognitive knowledge. The door to participation in this program is open for all students studying in Malaysian top 10 ranked universities. These top 10 universities will be considered as per the ranking of QS (Quacquarelli Symonds). According to the QS ranking, the top 10 universities in Malaysia are:

TV Program Proposal the top 10 universities in Malaysia

So, the student of these top 10 universities can participate in the Discover student talent program by enrolling via a specific mobile application or website. When they apply for contesting the Discover student talent program, contestants will have to participate in levels 1 and level 2 to secure a position among the top 20 students. The top 20 students from every university will go to the TV station in level 3 for contesting and securing positions in the top 10. In level 4, the top ten contestants will compete for being the most talented student in the university. The top 10 contestants from the top ten universities in Malaysia compete to be the most talented student in Malaysia. It is considered that the winner will get a certificate and 10,000 ringgit as prize money, following 5,000 ringgit for the runner-up and 2000 ringgit for the second runner-up.

Execution of the TV Program Proposal

Every student needs to create an account by providing a specific university name and student id number. When their account is activated, they can participate in question-answering sessions two times a month. But, they must provide a student ID number to verify that they are studying at that university.

After getting an activated account, they face 50 easy general knowledge questionnaire in the internet system at level 1, and they have to answer those questions to get higher marks. They can participate in this session through mobile, laptop, or tab. Thus, students will get their first-level marks in the system and have to be prepared for the second level. The second level also has the same 50 questions but could be more challenging than the first level. In level 2, the contestants will sit for an exam in university in the OMR answer sheet. The university authority will all-out effort into the television company to organize the level 1 and 2 activities. All questions of the first and second levels will be in English and Malay. Students can choose their preferred language in the system.

The TV company will pick up the top 20 contestants from every university for level 3. In level 3, the top 20 contestants will come to the TV station stage to compete to secure a position among the top 10 students in the university. After that, the top 10 students of the university will compete to be the most talented student in the university.

Grand final

Level 5 is considered the final level of the program for discovering the most talented student in Malaysia. Therefore, in this stage, each university’s top 10 talented students will compete to be the most talented student in Malaysia.

TV Program Proposal Sample: How To Write a TV Program Proposal. TV Program Proposal: How To Write a Proposal For Television Program. The Full instruction of Writing TV Proposal For Al-Hijrah Malaysian Television.

Questions Patterns Set For the TV Program

  1. General Knowledge
  2. Books and Authors
  3. Famous Personalities
  4. Geography
  5. History
  6. Science and Inventions
  7. Movies
  8. Politics
  9. Religious
  10. Sports
Full Process at a glance
  1. Create an account and log in.
  2. Choose university name, and provide student ID number for account activation.
  3. Level-1 (50 Questions).
  4. Level-2 (50 Questions).
  5. Level-3: Location at Alhijrah, and a total of 20 top-scored students from every university will compete to secure a position within the top 10. (Transportation, Beverage, and 100 Ringgit for the participant).
  6. Level-4: Location at Alhijrah and the top 10 students from every university will compete to become the most talented student of the university. (Transportation, Beverages, and 200 Ringgit for the participant).
  7. Level-5: Location at Alhijrah, and the top 10 students from 10 universities will compete to become the most talented student in Malaysia. .(Transportation, Beverage, and 500 Ringgit for the participant).
  8. Total Price –20,000 Ringgit, Winner will get 10000 Rm, Runner up 5000 Rm, and the second Runner up 2000 Rm).
Additional events for audiences

The TV channel authority will organize two additional events for audiences. First of all, the audiences who will participate in the program physically can get prizes by answering questions on the stage. These audiences are those who sit in front of the main competition stage to watch live programs. In addition, the audiences who watch this program through TV channels can win prizes by answering questions through mobile. Audiences differ from active and passive media audiences.

Target Audiences of the TV Program

Demographic, geographic, and psychographic segmentation is the most powerful audience segmentation technique. For this program, demographic segmentation is the most relevant strategy to the target audience, and audiences can be youth, adults, and senior people. Their ages may be between 15 and 65 years old. The prime target audiences of this Discover talent student program are students. Students are the main components of running this program because they will participate. Also, it will be an interactive program, viewers in front of the TV can also answer questions, and when the audience can answer the questions successfully, they will feel delighted. The contestants and audiences face various topics, such as general knowledge, common sense, literature, history, astronomy, geography, sports, and entertainment. So, audiences can also increase their knowledge through our questions answering session; simultaneously, they can win prizes.

Youth

The motive for choosing youth as the target audience is because they have already received a part of the education and have a specific knowledge background. And our program can be a competition; youth could set up a team to answer questions together to determine how many questions can be answered. In this way, they expand their knowledge and enhance friends’ relationships.

Adult

Furthermore, there are two aspects which are unemployed people and workers. Unemployed people have a lot of time can watch TV or videos, and they can learn something from our program. Our problems are so wide that they can learn something from them and benefit them in the future. Besides that, the workers didn’t have more free time to watch our program to relax. When they are tired, they can watch our program. If they can answer the questions correctly, they feel happy.

Senior people

Maybe not many o people watch our show, but we hope to have more older people to watch. Because they can learn and educate their grandchildren.

Justifications

The reason why TV al-Hijrah should produce this program has been discussed here. There are two major reasons for producing this program. Firstly, there’s something unique about producing a program based on students and centering universities in Malaysia. So, It’s a whole new format. Secondly, because the nature of the show is not just entertainment, some common sense questions make the show educational. On the other hand, the program has a wide range of audiences because of its educational significance.

The uniqueness of the program

Firstly, The nature of this show is unique in Malaysia because Malaysian TV programs are mostly about travel, food reality shows, and music-related selection programs. People’s conformity, snooping, and curiosity all affect people’s attention to TV programs. Therefore, the new format surely attracts some viewers. On the other hand, previous reality shows were mostly celebrities, but participants in this program were students from the top 10 universities in Malaysia. This kind of guest on the TV program makes the show more attractive. Finally, we intend to give some students who have talent but have not yet been able to shine.

Advantages of the programs

Firstly, compared with the variety of entertainment programs, this program has educational meaning. This program can also attract primary and middle school, and college students interested in exercising their knowledge through competition. Secondly, the program can also raise social awareness among general people to focus on learning and participants obtain confidence. Finally, this program can increase the popularity of the TV channel by increasing ratings.

In conclusion, the tv program proposal is crucial to explain the show’s benefits. It convinces the authority to telecast the show.

TV Program Proposal Sample PDF- Download Link