Media Convergence Definition, Example Types & Elements

Media Convergence Example- Example of Media Convergence. Media Convergence in Journalism. Who and when established the Media convergence theory? Also, Examples and Elements of Media Convergence. Characteristics of New Media Audiences.

Convergence

Convergence means converging multiple items to unite things to get benefits.  It is the process of forming a unique thing by utilizing two or more things. The convergence has been happening in all sectors to meet people's demands. This world is very famous in the medical discipline. As per the technological revolution, technological and media convergence has been impossible to reverse trends.

Types of Convergence

According to Henry Jenkins, the six types of convergence are technological, media, global, economic, cultural, and organic.

Media Convergence

Media convergence refers to merging diverse media outlets, including traditional and new media, to promote the program and media content. The traditional and new media have been merged to adjust to new technology. There are many types of convergence, such as technological convergence and cultural convergence. The new technology and culture have changed human lifestyles. The revolution of technology stimulates media convergence. Technology adoption theories and models explain why and how people accept new technology excessively. Additionally, technological and cultural convergence forces the mass media to converge with other mainstream and new media.

Media Convergence Example

Example of Media Convergence 

For example, the most popular Indian reality TV show name is "Indian Idol." It is a singing competition Television series. Sony Entertainment Television telecasts the full episodes. Firstly, the candidates need to download the Sony liv app for registration. Sony Television has social media pages to promote the programs. The TV authority uses social media platforms to promote upcoming episodes as most people access new media sites more than traditional media. They also request their audiences to vote for their favorite contestants via smartphones. The active and passive audiences can provide their opinions via social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. Sometimes, they use FM and traditional radio to advertise the program. In sum, the program authority merges Sony Television, smartphones, radio, Facebook, and YouTube channel to promote the program successfully. It is an example of media convergence in the digital era.

Media Convergence in Journalism

Media convergence in journalism means mutually utilizing print, broadcast, and online media to promote the news. Journalists use many media to spread the news among the maximum number of people locally and internationally. Media convergence in journalism appears as a significant step toward survival in the new media age.

There are two types of media convergence in journalism: (1) media convergence in collecting news and media convergence in reporting the news. Firstly, journalists collect information from other media and cite the source name when publishing information. It enhances the news value in print journalism. Television channels disseminate news from other channels such as radio, TV, newspapers, and social media.

Secondly, media authority uses multiple media to publish the news. People prefer to read online newspapers from social media sites rather than printed papers. Therefore, journalists publish the news via a printed newspaper and website portal and share them on social media platforms to reach more audiences.

Example of Media Convergence in Journalism

For example, The Star is the most popular newspaper outlet in Malaysia. A journalist for "The Star" has collected information from Malaysiakini. The Star has published the news via printed newspapers and online portals. They have also shared the news link via their Facebook page to reach the news among social media users. The authority has converged a few media to spread the news among a maximum number of audiences.

Technology Convergence

A long time ago, people used to listen to the radio to get news, Television to watch drama, cameras to capture photos, and bookshelves to keep books. Nowadays, people use only smartphones and computers to fulfill all their needs.

Who and when established Media convergence theory?

Henry Jenkins introduced media convergence theory in 2006 via his book Convergence Culture: Where Old and new media collide.

Elements of Media Convergence

The five essential elements of media convergence are technological, social, industrial, textual, and political.

Technological Convergence

Technology convergence has brought computer, communication, and content together, which is called 3 C. Here, 3 C refers to a computer, communication, and content. Computers and smartphones have digitilized the content, and digital content has changed the process of communication. The revolution of new technology and media convergence has changed the way of generating content and distribution. It has influenced the news production and distribution process totally. For example, now, every newspaper outlet has its own social media fan page, providing breaking news. Technology has allowed these outlets to operate live video programs that provide very authentic news for audiences.  Therefore, subscribers are getting instant news through new technology convergence. It is definitely a positive impact of convergence in communication outlets.

Social Convergence

Social media convergence has both positive and negative impacts on society. It is called the double edge sword for the communication sector in society.  Social media are a computer and application-based networking system that ease human communication through the internet (Kobiruzzaman, Waheed, Yaakup & Osman, 2018). Social media have emerged as the most convenient and popular communication platform, also known as new media. People are adopting social media for entertaining, imparting knowledge, sharing information, and communicating. There are many types of social media such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp, WeChat, Instagram, Zoom, Google meet, TikTok, QQ, Douyin, Sina Weibo, QZone, Snapchat, Reddit, Pinterest, and so more. Social media convergence made the news free of charge, so everyone could watch the news easily.

Many traditional media outlets disseminate the news through social media. For example, a newspaper outlet publishes printed newspapers, and it updates the same news on social media platforms. Thus, anyone can consume news from social media platforms without buying a printed copy of the newspaper. Social media convergence eases the way of reporting news for news reporters and editors. It has enabled news reporters and editors to collect news within a short time and disseminate them. Many journalists share their content on social media so that everyone can know who is the content writer.

Industrial Convergence

Many big industries have been merged into one giant company to dominate the sector. For example, in the 1990s and 2000s, many media companies expanded their business interest and merged with other companies. In the 1990s, industrial convergence is the  Viacom-Paramount (1994) and Disney-ABC (1995). In the 2000s, example of the biggest company merger is America On-Line (AOL), Time Warner, Viacom-CBS (2000), and NBC-Universal (2004). They took over the company to expand business in the media sector.

Textual Convergence

Textual convergence refers to the merging of printed media into online news media. For example, books and newspapers have been converted into social media-based writing and reading practices, also known as digital journalism. Anyone can contribute to the media industry by commenting on social media platforms. It is called textual convergence in media. Journalists are earning knowledge and improving themselves through convergence. Now journalists can view others' content easily because of convergence. They are getting ideas and improving themselves. It lets them learn more about generating media content's rules and regulations. Media convergence creates a new way to interact between media practitioners and audiences. Readers comment to express their opinion. So, it allows for making interactive communication atmosphere.

Political Convergence

Convergence has managed to increase the similarity between political parties worldwide. It brings the similarity between political parties and policies inside the parties.

Characteristics of New Media

Audiences According to Don Tapscott (2008), new media audiences have the following characteristics:

  • New media audiences want liberty in everything they do—for example, freedom of choice and expression.
  • New media audiences love to customize, scrutinize, and personalize.
  • They look for corporate integrity and openness when deciding what to buy and where to work.
  • New media audiences want entertainment and play in their work, education, and social life.
  • They are collaborative and relationship generation.
  • Audiences are innovators.

Social media availability has formed the characteristic of new media audiences.
In Conclusion, If someone asks me to do I think convergence is essential or not? I will answer: Yes, I think change is always good. Change is part of the natural adoption process that drives the communication industry. The problem will occur when we avoid change. So, we cannot avoid the pace of change.

Citation For This Article (APA 7th Edition)
Kobiruzzaman, M. M. (2023). Media Convergence Definition, Example Types & Elements. Newsmoor- Educational Website For Online Learning. https://newsmoor.com/media-convergence-example-elements-of-media-convergence-in-communication/

 

Travelogue Feature Article Example- Tour To Japan

Travelogue Feature Article Examples & Sample For Students- Tour To Japan. Short and Long Travelogue Feature Article Writing Examples For Students.

Travelogue Article

Travelogue article refers to the feature story writing that explains the traveler's tour guidelines. It is also known as a travel feature story writing in journalism. Journalists write travelogue articles to inform others about tourist spots. A travel feature article is always designed to ensure a hassle-free journey to a particular location like a travel itinerary.

The most common feature articles are profiles, how-to, reviews, and travelogue articles. Travelogue article is a crucial feature in journalism for recreation and entertainment. The writer follows the inverted pyramid of writing style to attract readers. Readers always read the headlines and story leads to decide whether to read the whole article or leave it. Therefore, the headlines and feature leads include how, where, and what to explore.

People travel for various perspectives: recreation, business, job purposes, multicultural immigration, curiosity, and adventure.

Elements of Travelogue Article

The Ten Elements to write a travelogue article are:
1. Visit and explore the place
2. Write a descriptive story
3. Explain how to travel to the destination
4. Discuss the hotel, motel and accommodation
5. Review the cultural and traditional background
6. Explain the historical and tourist attraction
7. Discuss the food and restaurant
8. Notify the weather and atmosphere
9. Report the shopping mall
10. Mention the Dos and Don'ts fact.

Travelogue Feature Article Example for Students

The two examples of travelogue feature articles have been illustrated for students. The first example represents a long history and the second example illustrates a five-day short travelogue article. These travelogue examples are suitable for those students who want to write a travelogue article.

The title of the long travelogue article is "Tour To Tokyo, Japan: The Place of Peace." A journalism student at the University of Putra Malaysia wrote this article. Students may follow the structure of this article to know how to write a long travelogue article.

The author presents an ideal travel feature article example for students that includes most components of the travelogue article.

Travelogue Example for Students & Travelogue Sample
Travelogue Example for Students
A Long Travelogue Feature Article Writing Example -1
Tour To Tokyo, Japan: The Place of Peace

Tokyo is Japan's most beautiful and peaceful capital city, where every tourist wants to enjoy its breathtaking nature, historical buildings, delicious food, and traditional paces. A rumor, I had heard that traveling to Tokyo is very expensive. My tour to Japan provides a comprehensive travel guide to visit Japan on a cheap budget that will help every tripper enjoy Tokyo's beauty.

I planned to visit Japan from Malaysia, as I have stayed here since 2016. In 2018, I participated in an international conference at the University of Tsukuba in Tokyo, Japan. As my first step, I tried to book an air ticket at a low price because my budget was average. Most airline ticket prices were expensive, which worried me a little bit. Then I realized that Air Asia offers cheap plane tickets with limited baggage. I have no extra baggage so I can accept this opportunity. Luckily I managed to book a two-way ticket at a low price.

After nine hours of journey, when the plane reached Haneda Airport, I became amused to see Japan's beauty.

Tokyo is both the economic and political center of the country. It is one of the most populous capital cities globally, with around 37.4 million. This beautiful city has become the host of many international programs and events, for example, three G7 Summits and the Summer Olympics in 1 64. The airport, decorated with digital posters and banners, declared it would be the host of the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Japanese are very kind, humble, helpful, and polite. I perceived it during the conversation and asked for help from them.

Per my pre-planned, I decided to stay with my friend instead of at a hotel. He lives in the Akabane area, which is around 30 kilometers far from the Haneda International Airport. So, I was looking for a station to get the train to Akabane. I asked a Japanese police officer to help me find the train station to take me there.

I became amused to see his hospitality; he had taken me to the exact location where I could get the train. He also paid money for my ticker because of not have Japanese currency. The tickets cost ¥1400, and the journey takes 5  minutes. Finally, he bowed to exchange greetings when saying goodbye to me. It is a tradition in Japan to bow while exchanging greetings.

I caught the last train from Haneda Airport Terminal 3 Train Station, and after 55 minutes, I arrived at Akabane station at 11:45 AM. My friend was waiting for me outside the station, wearing an anti-cold jacket, which amused me. I felt freezing whenever I came out of the station; because this area was not under air- conditioning. Instantly, I removed my jacket from my baggage and put it on to protect myself from the bitterly cold weather. I have always been afraid of the cold, but I enjoy the cold weather in Japan.

It was ten minutes' walking distance from my friend's house, so we started to walk, and finally, we reached our destination at 12:30 PM. It was the second time I was astonished that my friend had not locked his house. For my curiosity, I asked him why not lock his house when getting outside. He replied that there is a rare house robbery incident in Japan, even though you leave your houses without locking them.

Travelogue Feature Article Example- Tour To Tokyo Japan

The following day, I woke up early to prepare and participate in a conference held by the University of Tsukuba. This is the first time I have fallen in love with the beauty of Japan to see the fantastic weather. It was freezing weather with windy and falling snow. This was my first experience of seeing snowfall. I dreamed of experiencing this kind of atmosphere that I had only seen in the cinema.

My habit is capturing photos; therefore, I grabbed some pictures inside and outside the station. Now I know how to purchase a ticket using the ticket machine that the Japanese police officer taught me last night. I bought my ticket to get to the University of Tsukuba.

I joined the APEC- Tsukuba International Conference XIII, and they offered a buffet lunch for all participants.  There was no doubt that this conference paved the way for me to be connected with academic life in the future. The university appointed a few guides to ease our movements in new places. The guide took us to a restaurant to have lunch. It was my first opportunity to test Japanese food. I thought I would not feel comfortable eating Japanese food when I  saw them on the table. My concept turned reversed when I tried them. These foods were very delicious, and everyone enjoyed them.

Most of the food items were preferable to me, except raw eggs. Japanese restaurants provide raw eggs, and many Japanese and foreigners eat them.  I stopped eating in the meantime, having lunch to think whether the foods were halal or not. I asked the guide for confirmation, and he replied that these foods were perfectly halal. He also said that all restaurants in Japan are not halal, so Muslims should be more aware of having food in Japanese restaurants.

The obesity rate in Japan is higher than in other countries; therefore, they set different prices for the same food for lunch and dinner. Usually, they set the dinner food price higher to discourage people from having heavy food at night.

Japan Restaurant

Figure 2: Traditional Japanese Restaurant

The gift-giving etiquette is another ritualistic and meaningful custom in Japan. They offer gifts on many occasions; for example, they provide many traditional gifts for all participants at the conference. Nobody can deny the cordial hospitality offered by the University of Tsukuba. Along with me, all the participants from diverse countries became glad and praised them. They are treating us very politely. I became confused several times when I thought about how they attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 in the United States. It seems Tokyo is the world's most secure and peaceful capital for living without the hassle.

I decided to rest for the third day because I was exhausted. We spent the whole day together inside the house, gossiping, cooking, and eating. In addition, we planned to roam around Tokyo the next day. I have to return to Malaysia in two days, so I need to plan to see all the best places in Tokyo within two days. We divided Tokyo City into two zones for visiting them in two days.

On the fourth day, my friend and I followed the train to visit SKYTREE, the tallest tower in Japan, located in Sumida, Tokyo. It costs only JP¥450 and takes around 30 minutes from Akabane station to Oshiage Station (SKYTREE), but it needs to change the platform two times. Since 2011, it has been the tallest structure in Japan, extending its height to 634.0 meters and making it the second tallest tower and structure globally, after the Canton Tower and the Burj Khalifa. The primary objective of using this tower is broadcasting; for example, they use it for TV signals and radio waves for national broadcaster NHK and a few numbers TV channels.

Every day they allow only 10,000 tourists to visit the sky tree. The ticket option is divided into three types: combo ticket, Tembo gallery, and Tembo deck. The ticket is around JP¥10 00 for all three tiers. Tourists can visit only one or two, or all three decks. My excitement was palpable when I was lifted to the top floor of the Sky Tree. We had seen all three tiers—the tower's appearance changes with changes in a light color.

My tour to Japan was successful when I saw Tokyo from the Tembo Deck and the tower's top floor. Viewing the entire city from the top floor at night was excellent. After all, I did not forget to buy some souvenirs from the observation levels of Tokyo Sky Tree; it made my journey more compelling.

Sky Tree Tokyo Japan

Figure 3: The Main Entrance of the Tokyo Skytree

Good time flies so fast. It was challenging to realize that I had spent five days here. My return flight schedule was at night; I made it to utilize the whole day sightseeing. On my fifth and final day in Japan, I visited many historical and traditional places, such as the Imperial Palace, the Sensō-Ji Temple, the National Museum of Nature and Science, and Ueno Park and Zoo. In addition, I tested Japanese street food; although these are a little bit expensive, some foods are cheap.

You can buy souvenirs, gifts, and food cheaply in many places. I purchased pens, gift items, and great souvenirs in Asakusa on Nakam Street. It’s a great street to visit and walk along your path to see the traditional temple, and along the walk, you can buy snacks and conventional gifts. Japanese people are well organized and always respect the senior people in every sector. Traditionally, seniority acted as the prime qualification for holding a higher rank.

In short, Tokyo is not an ordinary place that I forget quickly. According to Japanese "architect Tadao Ando “Look at London or Paris:  they are filthy. You don’t get that in Tokyo. The proud residents look after their city.” Traveling to Tokyo was a tour and an experience I earned adequately. I can forget my tour, but I cannot forget my experiences. So, if you love traveling, you will love Tokyo!

 
Short Travelogue Examples For Students-2
This article sample is collected from ChatGPT and includes a five-day tour history in Tokyo, Japan.
Tokyo: Embracing Tradition and Innovation in Japan's Dynamic Capital

Nestled on the eastern coast of Honshu island, Tokyo stands as a vibrant metropolis where ancient traditions seamlessly blend with cutting-edge technology. Join me as I explore this captivating city's bustling streets, serene temples, and culinary delights.

Day 1: Arrival in Tokyo

As I stepped off the plane and into the bustling Narita Airport, I was immediately struck by the energy and efficiency that defines Tokyo. After a smooth ride on the efficient train system, I arrived in the heart of the city and checked into my hotel in the vibrant Shibuya district. Eager to start exploring, I set out to experience the iconic Shibuya Crossing, where a sea of humanity ebbs and flows with each changing traffic light.

Day 2: Discovering Tokyo's Cultural Treasures

My second day in Tokyo was dedicated to immersing myself in the city's rich cultural heritage. I began by visiting the majestic Senso-ji Temple in Asakusa, where the scent of incense filled the air and worshippers prayed for good fortune. Next, I wandered through the tranquil gardens of the Meiji Shrine, surrounded by towering cedar trees and peaceful serenity. In the evening, I indulged in a traditional izakaya dinner, savoring grilled skewers and sake in a cozy atmosphere reminiscent of old Japan.

Day 3: Exploring Modern Marvels

Tokyo is a city where tradition meets innovation, and nowhere is this more evident than in its modern architecture and technology. I spent my third day exploring the futuristic district of Odaiba, with its towering skyscrapers, high-tech shopping malls, and interactive museums. From the panoramic views of the city skyline from the Tokyo Skytree to the immersive exhibits at the teamLab Borderless digital art museum, I was constantly amazed by Tokyo's forward-thinking spirit.

Day 4: Culinary Adventures

No trip to Tokyo would be complete without sampling its world-renowned cuisine. I spent my fourth day indulging in a culinary adventure, from savoring fresh sushi at the iconic Tsukiji Fish Market to slurping ramen noodles at a bustling noodle shop in Shinjuku. I even tried my hand at making sushi during a hands-on cooking class, learning the art of rice preparation and fish slicing from a master chef.

Day 5: Reflections on Tokyo

As my time in Tokyo came to an end, I found myself reflecting on the myriad experiences and memories I had made in this dynamic city. From its ancient temples to its modern skyscrapers, Tokyo had captivated my heart and left an indelible mark on my soul. As I boarded the plane home, I knew that Tokyo would forever hold a special place in my heart, a city of endless possibilities and unforgettable moments.

This travelogue article offers a firsthand account of a journey through Tokyo, Japan, highlighting its cultural treasures, modern marvels, culinary delights, and vibrant atmosphere. Through vivid descriptions and personal reflections, it transports readers to the heart of this dynamic and captivating city

Travelogue Article Samples of the Newspaper

Malaysian English Newspaper Travel Article Link

The Daily Star Newspaper Travel Article Link Here

This is a travelogue article writing example for Students. This travelogue sample will help students to complete travel articles writing assignments and expand their knowledge. We appreciate your comments and suggestions.